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Highlights:

• According to the World Inequality Lab, India as one of the unequal countries worldwide. 
• World Inequality Lab, A French lab.
• It has issued its report named "World Inequality Report 2022".
• Lucas Chancel wrote this report, the co-director of World Inequality Lab and French economist Thomas Piketty coordinated it.

• The income gap among the top 10 % and bottom 50 % in India is 1 to 22 in 2021. 
• Among the BRICS nations, South Africa and Brazil have wider income inequalities than India.
• The ratio in the wealthiest nation, the US, is 1 to 17, where the wealthiest ten of the global population owns 52 % of global income.
• On the other hand, the poorest half of the population earns 8.5 % of the global income.
• The report notes that the top 1 % of India's population will own more than one-fifth of the total national income in 2021. 
• The bottom half of the population earns just 13.1 %.
• It shows that India has chosen economic reforms, and liberalization has benefited mainly the top 1 %.
• One percent of most wealthy people in India hold 22% of the total national income in 2021, while the top 10 % own 57 % of the income.
• Based on buying power equality, the average national income of the Indian adult population is Rs. 204,200 in 2021.
• However, the report explained that the average national income masks inequalities.

Highlights:

• Olaf Scholz, a social democrat is selected as the New German Chancellor by German lawmakers.
• German parliamentarians have officially elected Social Democrat Olaf Scholz as the new chancellor, ending Angela Merkel's 16-year reign as chancellor.
• He will lead a government made up of his Social Democrat Party, the pro-business Free Democrats, and the Greens
• This is a  never-before-tried coalition of parties at the federal level in Germany.
• Scholz, age 63, was sworn in as Germany's next chancellor after previously serving as vice-chancellor and finance minister under Merkel's administration.
• Olaf Scholz has received at least 369 votes, which is the required majority.
• He is chosen chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany under Article 63, paragraph 2 of the German Constitution.

Highlights:

• The 8th of December is commemorated as the SAARC Charter Day 2021 to celebrate the adoption of the SAARC Charter.
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) celebrates Charter Day every year on December 8th to commemorate the signing of the SAARC Charter.
• The regional group is celebrating its 37th anniversary this year.
• The charter was signed at the First SAARC Summit in Dhaka, Bangladesh, by the Heads of State or Government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
• The SAARC Charter was adopted on December 8, 1985, in Dhaka, during the group's first meeting.
•  The leaders of eight South Asian countries signed the Charter: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
• The primary goal of SAARC, as stated in its charter, is to work together to enhance the welfare of people in the area and to raise their standard of life via social and economic growth.

Highlights:

• Every year, the International Civil Aviation Day is celebrated on December 7. 
• It is celebrated by the United Nations and several other international organisations.

• ICAO celebrates the day to commemorate the signing of Convention on International Civil Aviation. 
• It was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago. 
• The ICAO was established under this convention. 
• It is a United Nations agency that coordinates air travel. 
• The convention on International Civil Aviation established rules for aircraft registration, airspace, safety, sustainability and security.

• The International Civil Aviation Day is celebrated by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation) since 1994. 
• It is a specialised and funding agency of United Nations.
• The ICAO recommends practices related to flight inspection, air navigation, border crossing procedures. It defines protocol of investigation of air accidents.
• The technical body of ICAO is Air Navigation Commission.
• According to United Nations, more than 120 million passengers travel by air on daily basis. 
• The air travel industry supports 65.5 million jobs. 
• The day highlights the significance of aviation in improving global connectivity. 
• Thus, it is important to celebrate International Civil Aviation Day.
• Unlike the other international days, the theme of International Civil Aviation Day is selected once in five years. 

Highlights:

• Recently, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) tested the “vertical launch-short range surface-to-air missile”, successfully.
• Missile was test fired from integrated test range in Chandipur, off the Odisha coast.
• Its launch was conducted from a vertical launcher towards an electronic target at a very low altitude.
• A number of instruments were used to track the flight path of the vehicle and its health parameters. 
• These tracking instruments were deployed by ITR, Chandipur.
• Objectives:
• The launch of short-range surface-to-air missile was conducted in a bid to validate integrated operation of all weapon system components such as canisterised flight vehicle, vertical launcher unit with controller, weapon control system etc., which are needed for future launches from Indian naval ships.
• Significance of the launch
• The launch of this system will further boost the defence capability of Indian Naval Ships against aerial threats. It has also paved the way for integration of weapon systems onboard the Indian naval ships.

• VL-SRSAM is a quick reaction surface-to-air missile, that has been developed by DRDO. 
• It comprises of features like mid-course inertial guidance through fibre-optic gyroscope as well as active radar homing during terminal phase. 
• Missile has the capability of ‘lock on before launch (LOBL)’ and lock on after launch (LOAL). As a result, it receives mid-course update via datalink. 
• It seeks to replace “Barak 1 surface to air missile system” onboard Indian Navy warships.
• VL-SRSAM is based on “Astra Mark 1 air-to-air missile”, comprising of four short-span long-chord cruciform wings. 
• It also has additional jet vane driven thrust vector control, which enables the quick reaction time on vertical launch. 
• Each of the Vertical Launch System (VLS) can hold forty missiles in a twin quad-pack canister configuration. 
• The missile has 360 degree interception capability. 
• Thus, it can detect and engage threats from any directions.
• DRDO had test fired two VL-SRSAM on 22 February 2021. 
• It was the maiden launch, that tested the efficacy of vertical launch system as well as maximum & minimum range of the missile. 
• DRDO conducted the second test on December 7, 2021, for validating integrated operation of all weapon system components.

Highlights:

• Every year on December 24, National Consumer Rights Day is observed.
• The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 was signed into law on this day in 1986 by President Ronald Reagan.
• The Act aims to protect consumers from a variety of forms of exploitation, including defective goods, service deficiencies, and unfair trade practices.
• The distinction between World Consumer Rights Day and National Consumer Rights Day is frequently misunderstood.
• Despite the fact that they serve the same purpose, they are observed on different dates. Every year on March 15, World Consumer Rights Day is commemorated.
• The Consumer Protection Act established National Consumer Rights Day for the first time in 1986. It's not the same as World Consumer Day, which occurs every year on March 15.
• In 1986, the Consumer Protection Act became law. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 was updated in 2019.
• The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution later announced the CPA 2019 bill, which will go into effect on July 20, 2020.

• Right to choose the product
• Right to be protected from all kinds of hazardous goods
• Right to be informed about the performance and quality of all products
• Right to be heard in all decision-making processes related to consumer interests
• Right to seek redressal, whenever consumer rights have been infringed
• Right to complete consumer education

Highlights:

• Mastercard and Google has announced the rollout of tokenisation that will enable Google Pay users to safely transact using their Mastercard credit and debit cards while enjoying a hassle-free experience.
• The companies work together to provide consumers choice - strengthening the ease, safety, and security of digital payments in India
• Mastercard cards on Axis Bank, Federal Bank, HDFC Bank, HSBC, RBL Bank, and SBI Card are live
• With this collaboration, Google Pay Android users can scan and pay across all Bharat QR-enabled merchants, tap-and-pay, and make in-app transactions through their Mastercard debit and credit card.
• For a convenient registration, users will do a one-time setup by entering their card details and their OTP to add their card on the Google Pay app.
• Mastercard was founded on December 16, 1966, and its headquarters are in New York, New York. 
• It's CEO is Michael Miebach, and its Executive Chairman is Ajay Banga.

Highlights:

• India has surpassed the United Kingdom as the third most popular destination for hosting unicorns.
• With the addition of 33 "unicorns" in a single year, India has surpassed the United Kingdom to take third place in the list of countries with such businesses valued at over $1 billion each. 
• According to data compiled by Hurun Research Institute, the United States and China, which are ranked first and second, are far ahead.
• 74% of unicorns live in the United States and China.
• The United States added 254 unicorns, bringing the total number of unicorns to 487, while China added 74, bringing the total number of unicorns to 301.
• The United Kingdom only added 15 unicorns, bringing its total to 39, and was thus displaced by India.
• The largest countries in the world by GDP without Unicorns are Italy, Russia, Saudi Arabis, and Poland
• Unicorns are privately held start-ups having a valuation of more than $1 Billion.

Highlights:

• Richard Rogers, the Pritzker Prize-winning architect, has passed away ,recently.
• He was a British-Italian architect.
• In 2007, he was awarded the Pritzker Prize, also known as the Nobel Prize for Architecture. 
• He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1991 after receiving the Knight Bachelor.
• He designed the new World Trade Center (3 World Trade Center) in New York City, the Centre Pompidou in Paris, and the Millennium Dome in London, all of which are located in the United States.
• When he won the Pritzker Prize for Architecture in 2007, the jury praised his "unique interpretation of the modern movement's fascination with the building as machine"
• It was also said that he "revolutionised museums, transforming what had once been elite monuments into popular places of social and cultural exchange, woven into the heart of the city."

Highlights:

• Recently, Japan has introduced the world's first dual-mode vehicle (DMV), which looks like a minibus.
• On the road, the vehicle can run on regular rubber tires, but when it hits the rail tracks, the steel wheels in the vehicle's underbelly descend.
• The DMV can transport up to 21 passengers and travels at a top speed of 60 kilometers per hour on rail tracks and around 100 kilometers per hour on public roads.
• To propel the DMV onto the railway, the front tires are lifted off the track and the rear wheels remain down.
• This is the first feature of its kind: the ability to quickly transform into a train-like module on a rail track.
• The small fleet of diesel-powered vehicles comes in a variety of colors.
• It runs along part of Shikoku Island's coast in southern Japan, connecting several small towns and providing passengers with beautiful seaside scenery.

Highlights:

• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) India has named Alia Bhatt as its Person of the Year for 2021.
• She is an animal lover who frequently posts pictures of her pets on social media.

• Alia Bhatt invested in Phool, the company that created Feather, a vegan leather made from discarded temple flowers, earlier this year.
• Ed-a-Mamma, her vegan children's clothing line, also won a PETA India fashion award in 2021 for fostering children's love of animals and nature.
• Alia also starred in a PETA India campaign promoting adoption to help cats and dogs. She has taken advantage of her position to advocate for stricter animal protection legislation.
• Former Supreme Court Justice KS Panicker Radhakrishnan, for the landmark judgment against the use of bulls in performances
• Dr. Shashi Tharoor, for supporting Compassionate Citizen, PETA India's humane education program for children, as well as other animal protection education;
• Cricketer Virat Kohli, for urging the release of an abused elephant and harsher penalties for animal abusers.
• Comedian Kapil Sharma, for encouraging people to adopt dogs
• John Abraham, Anushka Sharma, Sunny Leone, R Madhavan, Jacqueline Fernandez, Hema Malini, and Sonam Kapoor Ahuja for their various contributions to animal welfare.

Highlights:

• Ray Illingworth, a former England captain, has Passed Away , recently.
• Raymond Illingworth CBE was an English cricketer, cricket commentator, and administrator who was born on June 8, 1932.
• On June 8, 1932, Illingworth was born in Pudsey, West Riding of Yorkshire. He was a member of the Farsley Cricket Club as a teenager.
• He was one of only nine players in first-class cricket history to take 2,000 wickets and score 20,000 runs as of 2015.
• Between 1958 and 1973, he played 61 Tests for England and captained the team 31 times, winning 12 matches and the Ashes series in Australia in 1970.
• He was an all-rounder who averaged 23.24 in Test cricket and took 122 wickets with his off-spin bowling at 31.20.
• Between 1993 and 1996, he served as chairman of the England selectors and coached the team in 1995-96.

Highlights:

• Mohamed Hussein Roble, Somalia's prime minister, has been suspended.
• The Prime Minister has been suspended by President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, who is accused of involvement in land theft.
• Mohamed Roble accused the President of attempting a coup and declared that he would stay in office.
• He urged the security forces to follow his orders instead of Mr. Farmajo's. 
• Farmajo's term officially ended in February, but it was extended due to disagreements over how to elect a new president.
• Since the overthrow of long-serving ruler Siad Barre in 1991, Somalia has lacked an effective central government.
• Disputes between rival politicians and clans plague the country. It is also fighting an al-Qaeda-affiliated insurgency known as al-Shabab.
• Somalia's capital is Mogadishu, and the Somali shilling is the country's currency.

Highlights:

• The National Breed Conservation Award for 2021 was presented, recently.
• The award has been bagged by “All-India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP)” on poultry breeding, Mannuthy, which carried under the Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University (KVASU).
• It received the prestigious award from ICAR - the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) for the cause of conservation and research activities on Tellicherry breed.
• Tellicherry breed is the only registered native chicken breed in the state of Kerala.
• The award carries a prize money of Rs 10,000 and a citation.
• Award was presented at the Kisan Divas celebrations, which was organised by ICAR-NBAGR recently.

• The National Breed Conservation Award was established by ICAR - NBAGR. 
• It was established for centres or projects which contribute towards conservation and improvement of registered Indian breeds of domestic poultry and livestock.

• The AICRP started conserving the Tellicherry breed in 2014. 
• This breed started laying eggs in five months through scientific selection and management. 
• As a result of the research, annual egg production increased to 160-170 eggs.
• AICRP also started the genetic characterisation of the Tellicherry breed. It played an important role in recognition of the breed.
• Tellicherry breed of Chicken derives its name from the name of a place in Kerala called Tellicherri, which is also known as Thalassery in Kannur district. 
• The breed is found mainly in Kozhikode district, while few are available in surrounding areas of Kannur and Malappuram districts. They are reared mainly for meat. 
• They are also used in preparation of ayurvedic medicines to treat asthma and worm infestation.

Highlights:

• The State of Telangana has become India’s first state to compete 100 % 1st dose Covid-19 vaccination.
• This milestone was achieved with the efforts of all health workers, including the ASHA workers and ANMs to doctors.
• Telangana has vaccinated 2.77 crore citizens with the first dose.
• State is ahead of national average by 9 % in terms of first dose while it is ahead of national average by 3% in second dose.
• Vaccination for the kids aged 15-18 would start from January 3, 2022. 
• It will be executed in the state in dual-mode. Children living in municipal corporation areas can register for vaccination via CoWIN online. 
• They can select slots based on their convenience in any vaccination centre. 
• Walk-in vaccinations will be allowed in government vaccine centres in other areas. State has identified some 22.78 lakh eligible children.
• In the state, 41.6 lakh senior citizens with comorbidities are eligible for booster dose. 
• Furthermore, about 6.34 lakh frontline worker including high-risk groups like police, sanitation workers, health professionals, and media persons would be taking booster dose.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced to roll out the third ‘precaution doses’ or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine for health and frontline workers on December 25, 2021. 
• People aged above 60 with comorbidities, would also be eligible to take the booster dose. 
• Vaccination will start on January 10, 2022.